Mastering SQL Basics

Certainly! SQL (Structured Query Language) is a powerful tool for managing and querying relational databases. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to enhance your skills, here are some resources to help you master the basics:

mastering-sql-basics

1. Basic SQL Syntax:

  • SQL keywords
  • Data types
  • Operators
  • SQL statements (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)

2. Data Definition Language (DDL):

  • CREATE TABLE
  • ALTER TABLE
  • DROP TABLE
  • Truncate table

3. Data Manipulation Language (DML):

  • SELECT statement (SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, JOINs)
  • INSERT statement
  • UPDATE statement
  • DELETE statement

4. Aggregate Functions:

  • SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX
  • GROUP BY clause
  • HAVING clause

5. Data Constraints:

  • Primary Key
  • Foreign Key
  • Unique
  • NOT NULL
  • CHECK

6. Joins:

  • INNER JOIN
  • LEFT JOIN
  • RIGHT JOIN
  • FULL OUTER JOIN
  • Self Join
  • Cross Join

7. Subqueries:

  • Types of subqueries (scalar, column, row, table)
  • Nested subqueries
  • Correlated subqueries

8. Advanced SQL Functions:

  • String functions (CONCAT, LENGTH, SUBSTRING, REPLACE, UPPER, LOWER)
  • Date and time functions (DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, DATEPART, DATEADD)
  • Numeric functions (ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, MOD)
  • Conditional functions (CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF)

9. Views:

  • Creating views
  • Modifying views
  • Dropping views

10. Indexes:

  • Creating indexes
  • Using indexes for query optimization

11. Transactions:

  • ACID properties
  • Transaction management (BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT)
  • Transaction isolation levels

12. Data Integrity and Security:

  • Data integrity constraints (referential integrity, entity integrity)
  • GRANT and REVOKE statements (granting and revoking permissions)
  • Database security best practices

13. Stored Procedures and Functions:

  • Creating stored procedures
  • Executing stored procedures
  • Creating functions
  • Using functions in queries

14. Performance Optimization:

  • Query optimization techniques (using indexes, optimizing joins, reducing subqueries)
  • Performance tuning best practices

15. Advanced SQL Concepts:

  • Recursive queries
  • Pivot and unpivot operations
  • Window functions (Row_number, rank, dense_rank, lead & lag)
  • CTEs (Common Table Expressions)
  • Dynamic SQL

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