OOP cconepts are the most fundamental concepts in programming languages like Java, Python, Javascript, etc.
Here's a Dead Simple Guide to Understand It:
There are six different concepts in OOP:
- Object
- Class
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Polymorphism
1. Object
Every real-world entity is an object.
An object has Behaviour (things it does or performs) and Attributes (things that describe it).
For eg: A Chair object can have behavior like Movement, Height Adjustment & Attributes like Color, Make & Model, and Price.
2. Class
The collection of all related objects is called a class.
Consider class as a general category that contains all the related objects inside it.
For eg: Objects like a Wheelchair, Office Chair, and Wooden Chair can be a part of the "Chair" class.
3. Inheritance
The way we inherited a few qualities from our parents similarly, a class can also inherit the qualities from a parent class.
For eg: A Phone Class can have two Child Classes: 1) TelePhone and 2) MobilePhone. Both can inherit the "calling" behavior.
4. Encapsulation
It means wrapping data into a single unit & securing it.
For eg: Drug Capsule wraps different medicines into a single unit and protects them from the outside environment.
Bank Locker wraps your valuables into a single unit(locker) and protects it via passcode.
5. Abstraction
Hiding complexity from the user and showing only the relative stuff.
For Eg: In a Car, all the complexity like the engine, machinery, etc is hidden from you; only relevant parts are shown, like the brakes, accelerator, and gearbox.
6. Polymorphism
It means many forms. With the same name, it provides different forms.
For eg: In Chess, we've 6 pieces - king, rook, bishop, queen, knight, and pawn. All of them "move" differently i.e. Bishop moves diagonally, Rooks moves horizontally and vertically, etc.
All Chess piece performs a common behavior "move" but they all do it differently.
The behavior name "move" is the same but it's still differently done by different Objects.